While many women believe that heart disease affects only men, women need to pay attention to their heart health just as closely as men do.
Disarming a Killer
Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. It claims the lives of more women each year than all forms of cancer combined. Whether you're a man or a woman, once you know what you're up against, you can make healthy choices to help keep you and your heart going strong.
What is Heart Disease?
Coronary artery disease (CAD), a deadly type of heart disease, occurs when the coronary arteries-carrying blood to the heart-become narrowed or blocked by fatty deposits. This reduces blood flow to the heart muscle. Severely narrowed arteries may become completely blocked. The result can be angina (an episode of chest tightness, discomfort, or pain) or heart attack (a more persistent blockage that can be serious or even fatal).
The fatty deposits on the artery walls, called plaque, can be caused by many different factors-many of them controllable, others not. For women, these include smoking, inactivity, hypertension, abnormal levels of blood fats, hormonal factors, Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, genetic factors, and age.
Are Men Affected the Same Way as Women?
Not exactly. As a group, young women receive some protection from hormones and are thus less likely to develop CAD, unless they have other risk factors (for example: Diabetes, obesity, elevated cholesterol, and smoking). Otherwise, women who haven't gone through menopause are less likely than men of the same age to have a heart attack or show other effects of CAD. However, once a woman reaches menopause, her risk for developing CAD increases dramatically. By the time she is in her late 70s, her risk will be equal to that of a man her age.
What causes this age-related shift in women's CAD risk? Estrogen production during a woman's childbearing years is thought to have a protective effect on her cardiovascular system. When estrogen production drops at menopause, this protection is lost. For this reason, hormone replacement therapy is often recommended for women during and after menopause.
It's also important to note that CAD may have different symptoms in women than in men. For women, fatigue and chest discomfort-rather than chest pain-may be signs of CAD. Being aware of the symptoms can help assure that you get prompt treatment in the event of an emergency.
Return To Top